How Does Cryptocurrency Work?

Cryptocurrency operates on a technology called blockchain, which is a decentralized and distributed digital ledger that records all transactions across a network of computers (nodes). Each transaction is grouped into a block, and these blocks are linked together in a chronological order to form a chain, hence the term "blockchain."

When someone makes a transaction using cryptocurrency, the details of that transaction are encrypted and added to a block. Before the block is added to the blockchain, the network must validate the transaction through a process called mining. Mining involves solving complex mathematical problems, and the first miner to solve the problem gets to add the block to the blockchain and is rewarded with newly minted cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin.

Once added to the blockchain, a transaction is permanent and cannot be altered. This immutability is one of the key features of blockchain technology, ensuring transparency and security. Since the blockchain is decentralized, no single entity controls it, reducing the risk of manipulation or fraud.

To use cryptocurrency, you need a digital wallet, which is a software application that stores your private and public keys—these are like your account number and password. Your private key allows you to sign transactions and access your funds, while your public key is used to receive funds from others.

Cryptocurrency transactions are typically faster and cheaper than traditional banking methods, especially for cross-border payments. However, it's important to be cautious, as transactions are irreversible, and losing your private key means losing access to your funds permanently.

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